Salicylic Acid(50 Ppm)
Salicylic acid (SA) is a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) that is lipid-soluble, allowing it to penetrate into pores and shed dead skin cells from within. Its chemical structure is closely related to aspirin, giving it notable anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its keratolytic action. For at-home use, effective concentrations range from 0.5–2% (2% being the EU maximum for leave-on products), while professional peels can reach 20–30%. It is also recognized as a preservative and antidandruff agent in cosmetic formulations.
Salicylic acid exfoliates both the skin surface and inside pores, making it particularly effective against blackheads, whiteheads, and large pores. It acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent, beneficial for acne and rosacea. Studies at 2% show it does not increase sun sensitivity and may even have photoprotective effects.
More effective against blackheads than inflamed acne; for active acne, combining with an antibacterial agent (e.g., benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid) is recommended. Professional-strength peels (20–30%) should not be used at home. EU regulations cap at-home use at 2% maximum concentration.
