Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 (0.1 Ppm)
Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 (also known as Matrixyl or Pal-KTTKS) is a synthetic pentapeptide composed of five amino acids in the sequence lysine–threonine–threonine–lysine–serine (KTTKS), which is a subfragment of type I collagen. It was developed jointly by ingredient supplier Sederma and Procter & Gamble. The KTTKS sequence is attached to palmitic acid (a 16-carbon fatty acid) to improve oil solubility and skin penetration. It is effective at very low concentrations, with studies conducted at just 3 ppm (0.0003%).
Clinical studies indicate Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 can significantly reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin texture at very low concentrations. One study comparing 3 ppm Pal-KTTKS to 700 ppm retinol found similar wrinkle-improving ability, with the peptide showing better skin tolerability. It functions as a cell-communicating ingredient, signaling skin to support its structural proteins.
Most available research is manufacturer-sponsored, which should be considered when evaluating the strength of evidence.
