Copper Tripeptide-1
Copper Tripeptide-1 (also known as GHK-Cu or Copper Peptide) is a copper complex of the tripeptide glycine-histidine-lysine (GHK) that occurs naturally in human plasma, saliva, and urine. It is classified by CosIng as a skin conditioning ingredient and has been studied since 1973. The Cu (copper) component is an essential trace element that forms a stable complex with the GHK peptide.
GHK-Cu has demonstrated wound-healing properties by stimulating the breakdown of oversized scar collagen while promoting healthy collagen, elastin, proteoglycan, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. It exhibits antioxidant activity by stimulating superoxide dismutase and inhibiting oxidation-promoting iron release. Facial studies suggest it can improve skin elasticity, firmness, density, clarity, and reduce fine lines and wrinkles, and it may also stimulate hair follicle enlargement to support hair growth.
Most supporting studies are in vitro or animal-based; the few human facial studies are small and not double-blind placebo-controlled. Anecdotal reports and expert commentary suggest that overuse may elevate free copper levels or trigger excess metalloproteinase activity, potentially accelerating collagen breakdown and skin aging in sensitive individuals. Use on the face may also enlarge hair follicles, which could result in slightly increased facial hair in some users.
